|
The Great Depression in the Netherlands was between 1933 and 1936,〔Beishuizen, Jan, & Werkman, Evert (1967) De Magere Jaren: Nederland in de crisistijd, 1929–1939, 2nd edition. Sijthoff, Leiden.〕 significantly later than in most other countries. It was a period of severe economic crisis in the 1930s which affected countries around the world, including the Netherlands ((オランダ語:De Grote Depressie), de Crisisjaren, de Crisistijd). In the United States, the Stock Market Crash of 1929 is understood as the start of the Great Depression. But in the Netherlands the depression started more gradually, in 1929-1931, while the economy had been in a gradual decline for a longer period. In the Netherlands the depression was significantly longer than in most countries, partly because of structural characteristics of the Dutch economy and partly because of the policy of the government. The refusal to drop the gold standard plays a central role. The Great Depression led to political instability and riots, and can be linked to the rise of the Dutch fascists, the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging. The depression in the Netherlands lessened at the end of 1936, but real economic stability did not return until after World War II. ==The Netherlands before the Great Depression (1918-1929)== Because of neutrality in World War I, the Netherlands didn’t face the problems of war debts, war damage and population loss which caused economic problems in other European countries. But because of the international character of the Dutch economy these problems also had their consequences for the Netherlands. Especially the unrest and economic problems in Germany, one of the Netherlands’ main trading partners, in the early 1920s plunged the Netherlands into a severe depression until 1925 (lowest point reached in 1923).〔 After 1925, partly because of economic improvements in Germany, the post-war depression in the Netherlands ended and the country rejoined the Gold Standard. But, among others because of strong trade restrictions in Germany, this improvement was limited and didn’t cause an economic boom as in some other European countries and the United States (associated with the ‘Roaring Twenties’). In spite of these slight economic improvements the Dutch economy struggled with structural problems in the period before the Great Depression. Trade restrictions and economic protectionism had not fully disappeared after World War I, and world trade failed to pick up again after the war. The Dutch economy had long been dependent on international trade and finance (in 1929 an estimated 30% of the GNP came from export),〔 and especially the big shipping sector suffered from the lack of trading opportunities. Another problem was the combination of high post-World War I birthrates and increasing labour productivity, which meant that any increase of demand didn’t cause general welfare increase and a fall of unemployment. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Great Depression in the Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|